Steel & Iron Slag is Synthetic Mineral, Non~Metallic Material & Free of Silica and Beryllium Dust.

Synthetic Mineral, Non-Metallic Material & Free from Silica and Beryllium Dust: Steel & Iron Slag

Steel and iron slag are synthetic, non-metallic materials derived from industrial processes, specifically from steel and iron production. These materials stand out for being free from harmful silica and beryllium dust, making them a safer and more environmentally friendly choice in abrasive blasting applications.

1. Free from Silica and Beryllium Dust

  • Silica and beryllium dust are known to pose serious health risks, including silicosis and lung damage. Steel and iron slag are produced in such a way that they contain no free silica or beryllium dust. This makes them a far safer alternative compared to other abrasives that may release harmful particles during use, ensuring better protection for workers’ health.

2. Environmentally Friendly Abrasive Material

  • Steel and iron slag is a sustainable material that reduces the need for natural sand or other abrasive substances that could harm the environment. It has been certified by various environmental authorities, such as Malaysia’s Ministry of Environment, for being a safe and eco-friendly option. Using slag in abrasive applications helps to minimize environmental impact, contributing to a greener industrial process.

3. Durable and Effective Blasting Performance

  • With a stable crystalline structure and high hardness, steel and iron slag perform excellently as abrasive blasting media. Available in granular, spherical (shot/ball), and grit forms, it offers superior durability, low wear, and efficient performance. Its properties ensure consistent, high-quality results in a variety of abrasive blasting applications, from surface preparation to coating removal.

4. Versatile Applications Across Industries

  • Steel and iron slag are widely used in diverse industries, including metal processing, construction, and coating applications. They are highly effective in surface cleaning, preparation, and coating applications, making them ideal for both onshore and offshore construction and maintenance work.

5. Cost-Effective and Safe Alternative

  • In addition to being a safer option, steel and iron slag are also cost-effective. Their competitive pricing, combined with their exceptional performance and safety benefits, make them an attractive choice for businesses. The material is readily available in various grades and forms to meet specific project needs, providing both economic and operational advantages.

By using steel and iron slag, industries can enjoy a non-toxic, durable, and environmentally friendly abrasive media that meets stringent safety and environmental standards, all while reducing health risks associated with silica and beryllium exposure.

What is Premier Sharpshot Abrasive®?

Premier Sharpshot Abrasive®

(Marketing Trademark) is a type of synthetic Iron Slag and Steel Slag, a newly developed, environmentally friendly product made from waste materials. PSA is created with a stable molecular structure derived from molten slag produced during the steelmaking process at steel melting plants, through the Slag Granulating Technology (SGT). Premier Sharpshot Abrasive® is formed into granular or powder phases with high solidity, making it ideal for abrasive applications.

It is an eco-friendly media that has been certified by the Ministry of Environment and the Department of Safety & Health in Malaysia, as well as authorities in South Korea, India, Vietnam, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, China, and other regions. The key properties of this material include its solidity, toughness, granular shape, angular shape, sub-angular shape, and granularity, all of which are critical to its performance.

What is Iron (Fe) Slag?

Iron (Fe) Slag is a premium product derived from the steel manufacturing process through atomization. EKF has named it Premier because it transforms from a waste material into a high-value, environmentally friendly media. This transformation enhances its value significantly. The product is certified by the Ministry of Environment and the Department of Safety & Health in Malaysia, as well as in regions such as South Korea, India, Vietnam, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, China, and others.

The hardness of this blasting abrasive is typically measured on the Mohs and HV scales. Naturally, its hardness is higher compared to other types of blasting abrasives. While toughness is not always measured directly, it can vary depending on the mineral type or phase, affecting performance. Granular shape plays a crucial role in blasting performance, and whether the granules are mono-crystalline or exhibit a crystal texture is vital. Granularity is usually regulated through screening processes.

Iron Slag is recognized as an excellent blasting abrasive material due to its superior properties. It features a solid structure similar to that of a gemstone (Spinel – Spinel structure) with high solidity (6.0-7.0) and a spherical shape. During manufacturing, granularity can be adjusted to ensure consistency, while the cost remains competitive.

Blasting materials are generally classified into three categories: Shot/Ball-type, Grit-type and Shot Grit- type. The selection of the appropriate material depends on the Blasting Methods. Shot Grit types is a mixture of round, angular and irregular shapes, offering versatility for various applications.

Information sourced from US Slag Association

Iron Slag (Shot/ Ball & Grit) Formed by Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Method

Our Iron Slag (Ball/Grit) Formed by Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Method

Why Premier Sharpshot Abrasive® (Iron Slag) Can Be Used As Blasting Abrasive?

  • Free of Silica Dust
    • Premier Sharpshot Abrasive® (Iron Slag) is free from toxic silica dust (< 0.005mm), with approval from the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) Malaysia (Ref. Number: JKKP HIE 127/12/5-24/08).
  • Radioactivity
    • Radioactivity is undetected: Ra-226 Gamma Spectrometry < 10 Bq/kg.
  • Chloride Content
    • Chloride content is < 10 ppm (ISO 8502-10) and below 25 ppm (ISO 11127-7), with approval under Lab Certificate Number: MC/07-09/031 and third-party laboratory test references: CSEA2007/18-631 & MC-EKFI-0002/17/ and Ref. Number: 06J0538.
  • Industry Approvals
    • Premier Sharpshot Abrasive® (Shot/Ball or Grit types) has been approved by Petronas, Malaysia’s Coating and Lining Technical Committee (PTS 30.48.00.31P) with Ref. Number: PCLTC/08/AB/AL001R2, for use in blasting abrasive applications in both onshore and offshore construction and maintenance projects.
  • Conductivity
    • The conductivity of Premier Sharpshot Abrasive® is < 100 μS/cm (μmhos/cm) or < 10mS/m, in accordance with ASTM D 4940 Standard.
  • Global Supply
    • Premier Sharpshot Abrasive® has been supplied in significant quantities: approximately 10,000 MTs in Malaysia, 30,000 MTs to Korea National Oil Corporation (KNOC), and 25,000 metric tons to Korea Gas Corporation (KOGAS) in 2007.
  • Endorsements by Major Coatings Manufacturers
    • Premier Sharpshot Abrasive® is confirmed and accepted by major protective coatings manufacturers, such as Carboline Protective Coatings (a Fortune 300 company), for use with Carboline Tank Lining Products.
  • Dust Level
    • The dust level of Premier Sharpshot Abrasive® is rated low (Rating 1) according to ISO 8502-3, with Ref. Number: PCLTC/08/AB/AL001R2.
  • Oxidation or Rust-Back Resistance
    • The abrasive has excellent resistance to oxidation or rust-back for more than 2- 6 hours, with Ref. Number: PTS30.48.0031P.
  • Non-Scheduled Waste
    • Steel Slag or Iron Slag is not categorized as scheduled waste by the Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia, with Ref. Number: AS 91/110/619/130 Jld.3 (28).
  • Environmental Compliance
    • Steel Slag or Iron Slag complies with the Federal Subsidiary Legislation of Malaysia under the Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Act 127), including the latest amendments (P.U. (A) 309/2000, PART V – Air Impurities Regulation 30).

Granulated Calcium (Fe) Silicate Slag (Shot/ BaLL Type)
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What is DOE and DOSH stand from?

  • DOE Stand from DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL, MALAYSIA or Jabatan Alam Sekitar, Malaysia.
  • DOSH stand from DEPARTMENT OF SAFETY & HEALTH, MALAYSIA or Jabatan Keselamatan & Kesihatan Pekerja, Malaysia.

Free of Silica Dust & The Synthetic Non~Metallic Material;- Premier Sharpshot Abrasive® (Shot/ BaLL & Grit).

Sesi Soal & Jawap bersama DOSH, Malaysia

PERTANYAAN MEGENALI KELULUSAN PROSES PEMBAGASAN PASIR (SAND BLASTING)

Rujukan DOSH, Malaysia : JKKP HIE 127/12/5-24/08.

SOALAN 1:

Adakah pihak ketiga didapati bersalah dari segi undang-undang DOSH kerana menggunakan surat kelulusan RZF Sharpshoot Sdn Bhd & ENG KEN FUI demi “mis-leading” pengguna-pengguna lain?

JAWAPAN 1:

Untuk pengetahuan tuan, pihak DOSH hanya meluluskan permohonan bagi kelulusan penggunaan proses pembagasan pasir berdasarkan Peraturan 5,(Habuk Galian)1989. Adalah menjadi tanggungjawab pengguna yang menggunakan proses pembagasan pasir untuk melapor dan mendapatkan kelulusan penggunaan terlebih dahulu dari Ketua Pemeriksa (Ketua Pengarah DOSH) sebelum proses pembagasan pasir tersebut dijalankan.

Berbalik kepada taksiran pembagasan pasir itu sendiri dinyatakan terkandungnya media/bahan kimia silika berhablur bebas (crystalline free silica) dimana meliputi kuarza, kristobalit dan tridimit. Berdasarkan permohonan dari syarikat tuan, pihak DOSH mendapati media yang digunakan adalah IRON SLAG ~ PS Ball dimana tidak terkandungnya silika berhablur bebas. Walaubagaimanapun, pihak tuan adalah tertakluk kepada perkara – perkara berikut:

  1. a) Mematuhi Seksyen 15, Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan, 1994 untuk memastikan setakat yang praktik, keselamatan, kesihatan dan kebajikan pekerja-pekerja tuan yang mengendalikan proses/jentera tersebut.
  1. b) Memohon kelulusan dari Ketua Pengarah Jabatan ini jika pihak tuan menukar media pembagasan      kepada bahan lain seperti yang dinyatakan di Jadual (Peraturan 2) Senarai Galian di bawah Peraturan-    Peraturan Kilang dan Jentera (Habuk Galian) 1989.
  1. c) Mematuhi peraturan-peraturan  lain yang  terkandung  dalam peraturan-peraturan  Keselamatan  dan   Kesihatan   Pekerjaan(Penggunaan & Standard Pendedahan Bahan Kimia Berbahaya kepada Kesihatan 2000).
  1. d) Mendapatkan kebenaran memasang dan mengendalikan jentera pembagasan tersebut dan lain-lain jentera berkaitan daripada Pengarah, Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan di negeri tuan.

Pihak DOSH memproses permohonan kelulusan berdasarkan kepada syarikat/pemohon yang menggunakan proses pembagasan pasir. Setiap syarikat perlu mengemukakan sendiri yakni mendapatkan kelulusan proses pembagasan pasir secara persendirian. Ini bertujuan mengawal cara/kaedah penggunaan proses pembagasan dan dari segi kawalan terhadap factor keselamatan, kesihatan dan kebajikan pekerja yang menjalankan proses tersebut. Adalah salah di sisi undang-undang sekiranya pihak lain menggunakan surat kelulusan syarikat yang telah diluluskan sedangkan pihak DOSH tidak pernah mengakses/ memeriksa proses yang dijalankan tersebut.

SOALAN 2:

Adakah pihak pengguna -“End User” juga bertanggungjawab atas sikap mereka yang tidak mengambil berat ke atas dokumen tersebut kerana membeli dengan pihak ketiga yang tidak mematuhi peraturan pihak DOSH?

JAWAPAN 2:

Untuk pengetahuan pihak tuan, pihak DOSH memproses permohonan berdasarkan proses pembagasan pasir yang dijalankan secara nyata. Adalah menjadi tanggungjawab pengguna untuk memohon dengan mengemukakan beberapa dokumen sebelum permohonan lengkap di proses. Pihak DOSH tidak memberi kelulusan berdasarkan faktor bisnes atau kepentingan peribadi. Secara amnya, pengguna tersebut boleh menggunakan mana-mana media yang diperlukan tetapi proses pembagasan pasir tersebut perlu diluluskan oleh pihak DOSH sebelum boleh dijalankan.

SOALAN 3:

Selain daripada dokumen tersebut, adakah dokumen-dokumen yang lain juga diperlukan untuk menyokong kelulusan tersebut tadi atau masa depan?

JAWAPAN 3:

Seperti yang dimaklumkan dari awal tadi, kelulusan yang diberikan atas tertakluk kepada proses pembagasan pasir yang dijalankan secara nyata. Dengan itu, hanya surat kelulusan sahaja yang dikeluarkan oleh pihak DOSH dan kawalan dari segi pemantauan akan di lakukan oleh pegawai DOSH dari masa ke semasa bagi memastikan pengguna sentiasa mematuhi keperluan/perundangan yang ditetapkan.

Sebarang makluman lanjut, pihak tuan boleh hubungi

En.Yurizman Jamil

Bahagian Higien Industri & Ergonomik

Tel: +603 8886 5085 Fax: +603 8890 1315

Level 1, 3, 4 & 5 Block D4, Complex D,

Federal Government Administrative Centre, 62530 Putrajaya, Malaysia.

Tel: +603 8000 8000   |   Fax: +603 8889 2443

Iron Slag (Grit Type)
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Health Effects By Mineral Blasting Abrasive With Crystallize Structure Formed.

Silica Dust and Silicosis

Source: www.workershealth.com.au/facts060.html (Australia’s Worker Health Centre) & https://www.constructionequipment.com/osha-updates-silica-dust-rule-first-time-1971 (USA)

What is Silica Dust?

Silica is the main component in sand and in rocks like sandstone and granite. Many workplaces are not aware that common building products such as clay bricks, concrete, tiles and fibrous cement products contain silica. Silica dust is usually created when such building products, sandstone or rocks are cut, drilled or worked on in a way that creates fine particles of silica in the air. It is breathing in this crystalline form of silica that causes silicosis.

Whose health will be affected?

Silicosis is not a naturally occurring disease. Its development is directly associated with workplace exposure to silica dust. Workers who are most at risk include those engaged in tunneling and excavation work, road building, demolition work and explosive blasting work, as well as those in slate, granite cutting and glass manufacturing industries, brick making and some manufacturing processes.

How Health Effects by Silica Dust?

Initial exposure to silica dust will cause irritation of the eyes, nose and throat like most other dusts. However, if excessive amounts of silica dust are breathed into the lungs over a period of time, it can cause damage to the lung tissue. Other than some breathlessness during exercise, the disease can remain free of symptoms for 10-20 years after exposure.

The most common form of silicosis develops after long exposure to relatively low concentrations. Once the disease has begun, it will continue to progress even if the worker is removed from further exposure. There is no medical treatment for silicosis. People with silicosis are also at greater risk of developing lung cancer. In 1996 the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified crystalline silica dust as a human carcinogen (Group 1).

The size of the silica particles is important in causing the disease. Larger particles are usually prevented from reaching the lung’s small air sacs, it is the smaller particles  (less than five thousandths of a millimeter) that are the most dangerous.

The development of Silicosis depends on a number of factors including:

  • the amount and kind of dust inhaled.
  • the percentage of FREE SILICA in the dust.
  • the form of silica.
  • the size of the silica particles.
  • the duration of exposure.
  • the individual’s natural body resistance.
  • the presence or absence of complicating factors (such as infection).

How is the disease detected?

Silicosis is difficult to detect in its early stages because of the absence of symptoms. Frequent dry coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing and increasing tiredness are possible early indicators.

There are three main methods of diagnosis:

  1. Chest X-Ray are the most reliable and the earliest means of detection. An x-ray can show the presence of fibrous tissue.
  2. Work History is particularly useful in differentiating silicosis from other dust related diseases with similar symptoms and formation, such as asbestosis.
  3. Lung Function Tests performed using a pyrometer, assess the performance of the lungs.

How to control Silica Dust at work?

The only effective protection against silicosis is to prevent silica dust in the air. Under their obligations in the NSW Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000, employers must take measures to ensure that workers are not exposed to silica dust. There a number of simple control measures that can be taken.

Substitution
Where possible, less toxic substances should be substituted for silica sand:

  • Olivine and zircon sand should be used in moulds and cores in foundries.
  • Metallic and Non Metallic formed Slag products should be used as Blasting Abrasive (It is now in worldwide that is illegal to use Sea Sand, River Sand, Mining Sand or other Crystallized Structures media as blasting abrasive) due to Silica Dust.
  • Alumina should be substituted for flint in china placing in pottery.
  • In some building work, silica dust problems can be eliminated by using Pre-built or Pre-cast materials for plumbing and wiring.

Engineering Controls

Tools causing dust for example grinders and saws should be fitted with dust extraction devices. Where possible, dusty processes should be fully enclosed and have an exhaust hood attached. Where this is not possible a local ventilation system should be in place with hoses as close as possible to the head of cutting tools. Use tools fitted with a water attachment to suppress dust for example on power saws, jack picks and scabbing picks. Spraying with water in processes such as grinding or drilling can reduce the amount of dust by as much as 75%.

An American study of foundries showed that overexposure to silica dust resulted from poorly designed and/or poorly maintained ventilation systems.

  • Substitution
    Regular vacuuming and wet sweeping of floors and machinery to remove settled dust is particularly important to stop dust being kicked back into the air. Work clothing should be vacuumed before removal. Under no circumstances should dry sweeping take place in areas where silica dust could be present.

Posters and signs warning of the presence of free silica should be prominently displayed.

Respiratory Protective Equipment

This should be looked at as a last resort when all other preventative solutions possible have been put in place. Respiratory Protective Equipment can vary from a simple disposable mask to a full respirator supplying clean air for particularly high concentrations of dust.

In all cases, the equipment should fit properly and be regularly cleaned and checked. Dust masks are unsuitable for use with a beard, and in these cases, an air supplied respirator with a hood or a helmet and visor should be used.

All these preventive measures should not be looked at in isolation but in combination with each other. It is very important that workers potentially exposed to silica dust have a chest x-ray every two years, to allow for early diagnosis.

Dust levels in the air should be monitored by a competent person. The exposure limit for silica dust (reparable quartz) is 0.1 mg/m³. However, exposure levels in settings like construction sites are highly variable and air sampling alone is not enough to indicate the health risks from airborne silica dust.

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Bahasa Versi

Debu Silika dan Silikosis

Sumber: www.workershealth.com.au/facts060.html (Pusat Kesihatan Pekerja Australia) & https://www.constructionequipment.com/osha-updates-silica-dust-rule-first-time-1971 (USA)

Apa Itu Debu Silika?

Silika adalah komponen utama dalam pasir dan batuan seperti batu pasir dan granit. Banyak tempat kerja tidak menyedari bahawa produk bangunan biasa seperti batu bata tanah liat, konkrit, jubin dan produk simen serat mengandungi silika. Debu silika biasanya terhasil apabila produk bangunan tersebut, batu pasir atau batuan dipotong, dilubangi atau diproses dengan cara yang menghasilkan zarah silika halus di udara. Ia adalah pernafasan dalam bentuk kristalin silika inilah yang menyebabkan silikosis.

Siapa yang Terjejas oleh Kesihatan?

Silikosis bukan penyakit yang berlaku secara semula jadi. Perkembangannya berkait langsung dengan pendedahan di tempat kerja kepada debu silika. Pekerja yang paling berisiko termasuk mereka yang terlibat dalam kerja menggali terowong, pembinaan jalan, kerja merobohkan bangunan, dan kerja letupan, serta mereka yang bekerja dalam industri pemotongan batu slate, granit, pembuatan kaca, pembuatan bata dan beberapa proses pembuatan lain.

Bagaimana Debu Silika Mempengaruhi Kesihatan?

Pendedahan awal kepada debu silika akan menyebabkan kerengsaan pada mata, hidung dan tekak seperti kebanyakan debu lain. Walau bagaimanapun, jika sejumlah besar debu silika dihidu ke dalam paru-paru dalam tempoh masa yang lama, ia boleh menyebabkan kerosakan pada tisu paru-paru. Selain daripada sedikit sesak nafas semasa bersenam, penyakit ini boleh kekal tanpa gejala selama 10-20 tahun selepas pendedahan.

Bentuk silikosis yang paling biasa berkembang selepas pendedahan panjang kepada kepekatan debu yang relatif rendah. Setelah penyakit ini bermula, ia akan terus berkembang walaupun pekerja itu dikeluarkan dari pendedahan lanjut. Tiada rawatan perubatan untuk silikosis. Orang yang menghidap silikosis juga berisiko lebih tinggi untuk menghidap kanser paru-paru. Pada tahun 1996, Agensi Antarabangsa untuk Penyelidikan Kanser mengklasifikasikan debu silika kristalin sebagai karsinogen manusia (Kumpulan 1).

Saiz zarah silika adalah penting dalam menyebabkan penyakit ini. Zarah yang lebih besar biasanya tidak dapat sampai ke kantung udara kecil di paru-paru, namun zarah yang lebih kecil (kurang daripada lima ribu darjah millimeter) adalah yang paling berbahaya.

Perkembangan Silikosis bergantung kepada beberapa faktor termasuk:

  • Jumlah dan jenis debu yang dihidu.
  • Peratusan SILIKA BEBAS dalam debu.
  • Bentuk silika.
  • Saiz zarah silika.
  • Tempoh pendedahan.
  • Rintangan semula jadi individu.
  • Kehadiran atau ketiadaan faktor yang memburukkan (seperti jangkitan).

Bagaimana Penyakit Ini Dikesan?

Silikosis sukar dikesan pada peringkat awal kerana ketiadaan gejala. Batuk kering yang kerap, sesak nafas, berdehit dan rasa letih yang semakin meningkat adalah petanda awal yang mungkin berlaku.

Tiga kaedah utama untuk diagnosis:

  • X-Ray Dada adalah cara yang paling boleh dipercayai dan paling awal untuk mengesan. X-ray dapat menunjukkan kehadiran tisu berserat.
  • Sejarah Kerja adalah amat berguna dalam membezakan silikosis daripada penyakit berkaitan debu lain dengan gejala dan pembentukan yang serupa, seperti asbestosis.
  • Ujian Fungsi Paru-paru yang dilakukan menggunakan pirometer, menilai prestasi paru-paru.

Bagaimana Mengawal Debu Silika di Tempat Kerja?

Perlindungan yang berkesan terhadap silikosis adalah dengan mencegah debu silika di udara. Di bawah obligasi mereka dalam Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan NSW 2000, majikan mesti mengambil langkah-langkah untuk memastikan pekerja tidak terdedah kepada debu silika. Terdapat beberapa langkah kawalan mudah yang boleh diambil.

  • Substitusi
    Di mana mungkin, bahan yang kurang toksik harus digantikan dengan pasir silika:
    • Pasir olivin dan zircon harus digunakan dalam acuan dan teras di foundri.
    • Produk Slag logam dan bukan logam harus digunakan sebagai Abrasif Letupan (Kini di seluruh dunia adalah haram untuk menggunakan Pasir Laut, Pasir Sungai, Pasir Perlombongan atau media Struktural Kristal lain sebagai abrasif letupan disebabkan oleh Debu Silika).
    • Alumina harus digantikan untuk flint dalam pembinaan china dalam pembuatan tembikar.
    • Dalam beberapa kerja bangunan, masalah debu silika boleh dielakkan dengan menggunakan bahan pra-bina atau pra-cetak untuk paip dan pendawaian.
  • Kawalan Kejuruteraan
    Alat yang menyebabkan debu seperti pengisar dan gergaji harus dipasang dengan alat pengekstrakan debu. Di mana boleh, proses yang menghasilkan debu harus dilindungi sepenuhnya dan mempunyai tudung ekzos dipasang. Jika ini tidak mungkin, sistem pengudaraan tempatan harus ada dengan hos sedekat mungkin dengan kepala alat pemotong. Gunakan alat yang dipasang dengan aksesori air untuk menekan debu seperti pada gergaji kuasa, jack pick dan pick scabbing. Penyemburan dengan air dalam proses seperti pengisaran atau penggerudian dapat mengurangkan jumlah debu sehingga 75%.
  • Substitusi
    Menyedut dan menyapu lantai serta mesin secara basah untuk menghilangkan debu yang telah menetap adalah sangat penting untuk mengelakkan debu terbang semula ke udara. Pakaian kerja harus divakum sebelum dibuang. Tidak dibenarkan menyapu secara kering di kawasan yang mungkin terdapat debu silika.
  • Peralatan Perlindungan Pernafasan
    Ini harus dilihat sebagai langkah terakhir apabila semua penyelesaian pencegahan yang mungkin telah dilaksanakan. Peralatan perlindungan pernafasan boleh berbeza daripada topeng sekali pakai yang mudah kepada respirator penuh yang membekalkan udara bersih untuk kepekatan debu yang sangat tinggi.

Dalam semua kes, peralatan ini harus dipasang dengan betul dan diperiksa serta dibersihkan secara berkala. Topeng debu tidak sesuai digunakan dengan janggut, dan dalam kes ini, respirator yang dibekalkan dengan udara dan penutup kepala atau helmet dan visor harus digunakan.

Semua langkah pencegahan ini tidak harus dilihat secara terpisah, tetapi sebaliknya digabungkan antara satu sama lain. Adalah sangat penting bahawa pekerja yang berisiko terdedah kepada debu silika menjalani x-ray dada setiap dua tahun, untuk membolehkan diagnosis awal.

Tahap debu di udara harus dipantau oleh orang yang kompeten. Had pendedahan untuk debu silika (kuarza yang boleh disedut) adalah 0.1 mg/m³. Walau bagaimanapun, tahap pendedahan di tapak pembinaan sangat berubah-ubah dan pengambilan sampel udara sahaja tidak mencukupi untuk menunjukkan risiko kesihatan dari debu silika yang ada di udara.

Basic Requirement For Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)

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psballmalaysia@gmail.com or https://www.facebook.com/PSABallAbrasive (Message us here).